{"id":2267,"date":"2023-01-17T16:11:35","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T21:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/?p=2267"},"modified":"2023-01-17T16:11:35","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T21:11:35","slug":"machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country\/","title":{"rendered":"Machos, Violence, and Propaganda: How to Dynamite the Image of a Narco-Country"},"content":{"rendered":"

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In\u00a0<\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Nadia Granados assaults the audiovisual imagination on which the identity of her country is built. In an acid critique that uses everything from Narco telenovelas to reggaeton, she combines video clips, installation, and performance to break into pieces the Colombia Brand, that decorative fiction that “tries to sell a country that does not exist.”<\/span><\/p>\n

By Alonso Almenara<\/span><\/p>\n

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Every country brand is a sum of clich\u00e9s, and there is no better example of this than Juan Valdez, the emblematic brand of Colombian coffee. The character that embodies it was created in 1960 by the National Federation of Coffee Growers and became a landmark in the history of advertising: it did not matter that a foreign actor, the Cuban-American Jos\u00e9 Duval, played him. As if it were a kitsch production from the golden age of Hollywood, the origin of Colombian nation branding is tied to this laughable and exotic figure: a mustachioed and smiling peasant with generic Latin features, accompanied by his mule Conchita, with the Andean mountain range in the background. Half a century later, the audiovisual imagination of the “coffee country” took an expectant turn with the campaign Colombia is passion, which inaugurated 2005 what today is officially known as Marca Colombia. While the advertising of Juan Valdez promoted an export product, the campaign launched by the government of \u00c1lvaro Uribe accompanied the Colombian neoliberal shift with an aggressive promotion of the national territory. The objective: is to attract tourists and foreign capital and to counteract the toxic radiations of drug trafficking and paramilitary violence on the country’s reputation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nadia Granados has constructed her work as a series of wild interventions to dynamite that propaganda. Associated with the character of “La Fulminante” and recognized as a key figure in the Latin American post-porn movement, the Bogota-born performer has questioned the forms of violence that cover up the narcotic state advertising, using the tools that popular culture puts at her disposal: the imaginary of cabaret, the language of soap operas, B-movies and pornography. Her first performances were deeply rooted in the struggle for women’s rights and sexual dissent in a society fractured by the violence of the armed conflict. But her character had no difficulty crossing borders: the virulent sexuality and macabre humor of “La Fulminante” made her an Internet phenomenon.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In\u00a0<\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3<\/span><\/em>n, Granados returns to the arena to broaden the scope of her struggles. Pornoterrorism and drag are still present, but this time they are used to operate an ambitious deconstruction of Colombia’s recent history. The winning proposal of the XI Luis Caballero Award, granted by the Mayor’s Office of Bogota, is essentially multiplatform: it is a\u00a0<\/span>website<\/span><\/a>, a series of street performances and an exhibition at the Santa Fe Gallery which brings together video clips, settings and what the author calls “political cabarets”: a sort of shock therapy to get out of the placid dream of Marca Colombia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Image: Nadia Granados<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Let’s talk about the word “<\/span>Colombianization<\/span><\/em>,” What does it mean to you?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I don’t know where this word comes from, but it started to be used in the nineties, mainly around Mexico. It was a term used a lot during the government of Felipe Calder\u00f3n, when explicit and grotesque violence broke out, and specific practices linked to Colombian drug trafficking, such as motorcycle assassinations, were exported or became transnational. The word is used in a derogatory way to refer to the process by which a country becomes more violent in a context marked by illegal drug trafficking and the emergence of mafias linked to governments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What was it about this concept that interested you, and how did the idea for the project come about?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Reflection on this word was one of the triggers for my master’s thesis, which I called\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n: exploraci\u00f3n audiovisual en torno a un fen\u00f3meno cultural tipo exportaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/em><\/a>. It is a text in which I combined several of my interests and which was the basis for the project I presented to the Luis Caballero Award. One of those interests is what we call here “export-type”: those products that Colombia exports and contribute to shaping the country’s identity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another interest was Narco telenovelas and the kind of discourses that these productions mobilized around the narco. I was very interested in how Narco telenovelas began to position and validate violent male figures such as the boss, the hitman, the paramilitary, and the businessman. Powerful characters who have done a lot of damage but of whom Colombians feel a kind of national pride. And I was interested in combining those ideas with an exploration of the\u00a0<\/span>Marca Colombia<\/span><\/a>, a propaganda campaign that, in my opinion, tries to sell a country that does not exist. Or a country reduced to decorative elements, such as flowers, emeralds, happiness, and beautiful women, as if Colombia were a paradise ready to be filled with tourists and foreign investors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

One of the problems I find there is that this image was created thanks to a previous process of “pacification” that resulted in profound transformations in the territories. Many people were displaced from the country’s rural areas so that everything would be ready to be sold.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Fila quote” module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|false” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-quote” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

“One of my interests was to show that the idea of ‘Colombianization’ falsifies the problem of violence in this country because it reduces everything to illicit drugs. This way, grave crimes end up being hidden, such as forced disappearances and state terrorism. It’s as if the Narco issue were used to cover up everything else.”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

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Photo: M\u00f3nica Torregrosa –\u00a0 \u00a0Santa Fe Gallery <\/span>Archive- IDARTES<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

You are denouncing, in a way, the country’s neoliberal shift in the early nineties and its aftermath.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

My project questions how this country became “Colombianized”: it was not an accidental process but a project planned by right-wing administrations, which has generated great difficulties in terms of human rights, inequality, and violence. I have always thought that violence in this country does not come from anywhere but results from multiple unresolved violence. We are at a moment in which it is important to point them out and to point out those responsible. And I believe that many of us are in this process of denouncing, raising our voices, and disrespecting these people.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0What role does drug trafficking play in the official discourse on Colombia?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One of my interests was to show that the idea of “Colombianization” falsifies the problem of violence in this country because it reduces everything to illicit drugs. This way, grave crimes end up being hidden, such as forced disappearances and state terrorism. It’s as if the narco thing serves to cover up everything else. Even today, it is taboo to say: “there was genocide in Colombia.” Many of us have repeatedly spoken of the\u00a0<\/span>6.402 “falses positive”<\/span><\/a>\u00a0killed by the Uribe government. Still, we believe that this is only a tiny fraction of the killings orchestrated by the government’s military forces.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular 10-90″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”width:10%!important;” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ 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background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Pie de foto” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#6e6e6e” text_font_size=”13px” text_letter_spacing=”0.16px” text_orientation=”right” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||10px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px|5px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” hover_enabled=”0″ custom_css_main_element=”font-weight:400;” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Photos: M\u00f3nica Torregrosa – Santa Fe Gallery Archive – IDARTES<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

I am from Peru, a country where branding has practically been naturalized, and where the country brand plays a central role in the production of discourses on national identity. What happens when advertising becomes a state discourse? Is there any risk to democracy?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The origin of the Marca Colombia is linked to the advertising campaigns of Juan Valdez, the Colombian coffee for export. That was the first image, the one that was engraved in the imagination of consumers at a global level. Since then, propaganda has intensified until reaching a culminating point with the Uribe’s arrival to power at the beginning of this century.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

That juncture motivated me to start producing art with counter-propagandistic intentions or to understand art as an alternative communication tool. During those years, the figure of Uribe was immersed in propaganda. He looked like an actor: he dressed in ruanas and presented himself as a man close to the people, a Catholic, heterosexual, traditional guy. It was a frightening thing to see because, at the same time there were indications that Uribe was linked to the\u00a0<\/span>Medell\u00edn cartel<\/span><\/a>\u00a0when he was director of the Civil Aeronautics. And not only that, but with that image, they tried to cover up all the terror generated by his administration. There were persecutions, extrajudicial executions, criminalization of protest, paramilitarism, etc. That is a part of Colombia’s history that has been manipulated. It is not by chance that the Narco telenovelas began to be broadcasted when Uribe started the paramilitary demobilization. Those programs had one thing in common: they presented the paramilitary as a hero.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Uribe government also launched the campaign Colombia es pasi\u00f3n, a phrase you have incorporated in your song “<\/span>Brandaland<\/span><\/em>.”\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/em>\u00a0includes four video clips made by Ra\u00fal Vidales. The music was produced by Bclip, a reggaeton and urban music producer who helped me a lot to condense the texts of my thesis to transform them into songs. “<\/span>Brandaland<\/span><\/em>” is a dembow, super fast and loud music. What interested us was to use rhythms that are very much associated with this country and that we like a lot but to talk about other things. Reggaeton was also crucial because it is a genre closely linked to the narco aesthetic, that mafia aesthetic that shows gangsters squandering money that you don’t know where it cames from. The lyrics use slogans from advertising campaigns, such as the phrase “export-type smiles,” which comes from a campaign that says, literally, “here we smile as if happiness could be exported.” That phrase is bullshit, but it represents this type of propaganda. It’s as if smiling is our duty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0Let’s talk about the male figures you parody in your work.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

One of the songs on Colombianizaci\u00f3n is called “Capitalismo gore,” which is also the title of a\u00a0<\/span>book<\/span><\/a>\u00a0by Mexican trans-feminist author Sayak Valencia. That book has been a significant influence on me. I am particularly interested in the relationship that Valencia establishes between illegal trafficking, transactions around death, and the way men construct their identities. She explores how a specific idea of masculinity is strengthened by men’s participation in armies, whatever the side. Killing becomes a job that allows you to enter the capitalist world. It is killing to become a man and, simultaneously, a consumer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Among the characters I chose to caricature or exaggerate violent masculinity is\u00a0<\/span>Broly Banderas<\/span><\/a>, the most famous hitman on social networks. I used a speech of his, which I manipulated and distorted. It is a very cynical speech about why kill for money, which is one of this project’s essential questions. We are in a country full of victims of riffraff like that, hired killers, assholes who take a gun because they are paid money, and they can go and shoot you in the forehead. That makes me very angry, and part of my work has to do with exploring the reasons why these people exist. There’s a whole aspirational system attached to that little man<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/b>“I became known with ‘<\/span>La Fulminante<\/span><\/em>‘, a drag queen that ironizes the construction of exaggerated femininity, very explicit, very sexual. In\u00a0<\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/em>, I wanted to do the opposite. I portray male characters based on the stories of violence that have marked Colombia’s recent history.”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Which brings us to your use of the drag king or the practice of personifying male gender stereotypes through clothing and makeup.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The truth is that I have been practicing drag for many years. I like to masculinize myself; it goes with my personality. It’s a useful thing: by passing as a guy, I can walk down the street without anyone bothering me. Drag has been an essential part of my artistic practice since the beginning. In 2010 I became known as ‘La Fulminante’, a kind of drag queen that ironizes the construction of exaggerated femininity, very explicit, very sexual. In Colombianizaci\u00f3n, I wanted to do the opposite. I portrayed male characters based on the stories of violence that have marked Colombia’s recent history. The drag king was the tool I used to appropriate those discourses and turn them into a stage act.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the “confusing acts of violence” you talk about in the curatorial text of the exhibition?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I speak of confusing violence because we are unclear about where it comes from. For me, my brother’s death at the hands of the FARC in 2001 resulted from rambling violence. We don’t know exactly who is responsible, nor why they did it. A massacre like the one in El Salado, for example, who ordered it? Why? They killed a hundred people in three days. It is known that the army was there, but it is still confusing, mainly because there are no perpetrators and no one pays. The victims are simply taken from one place to another. That is confusing. Some people have been looking for their dead for forty years. Some children grow up without parents, in the middle of nowhere, and no one knows why. That is why the truth is so important. The truth is not only understood, but publicly acknowledged, and those responsible are accused and punished. That is something that has not yet happened in Colombia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Haven’t the Truth Commission and the Special Justice for Peace brought more clarity and less confusion? On the other hand, taking into account that you have won an official award from the Mayor’s Office of Bogota with a work that denounces influential figures in Colombian politics, don’t you recognize a form of progress there?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

About the award, I was lucky. The Mayor’s Office of Bogota is an institution with a certain autonomy, and the jury members are chosen by competition and have total independence. This time they had left-wing sympathies. If they had been from the right, I would never have won. But, beyond that, indeed, the process has changed some things. And not only the technique. We are reaching a point where the truth is no longer in the hands of the State or the big media. The situation was quite different when I started doing radio in the early 2000s. There were no smartphones, and the Internet was beginning to become widespread. One of the things that drove us was to fight against the monopoly of information, spreading other thoughts about the history of this country. Almost 20 years have passed, and now a lot of small independent media have a great reception. Even a YouTuber who criticizes the government from his cell phone can have a million followers. The official versions have been weakened, and the mainstream media are discredited. Don’t forget that feminism has also played an important role, as well as many new questions that this century has brought around the participation of other voices and other ways of thinking in public discussion. You can no longer be a white man putting your paws on everyone else, that’s over. No longer is rape acceptable. No longer is terror accepted as a method of getting respect.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila 50-50″ module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|false” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|5px|||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px|||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_main_element_last_edited=”on|desktop”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Pie de foto” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#6e6e6e” text_font_size=”13px” text_letter_spacing=”0.16px” text_orientation=”right” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||10px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px|5px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”font-weight:400;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|||5px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

When you were preparing this show, you couldn’t have known that Petro was going to end up being elected president of Colombia. Given that your work denounces speeches and practices of right-wing governments, you must have some expectations of a leftist in power.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Well, I confess: I have admired Petro for more than 20 years. When I was young, listening to him speak opened my mind. I was fascinated by his eloquence, his deep knowledge of this country, and the way he confronted many years the paramilitary system, the genocide, the land problem, and the displaced. I used to watch on TV the congressional debates to listen to him talk about the historical truth. But I don’t have to say I am a Petrista for it to be read or guessed, do I? Now, what do I think of what he is doing in power? I welcome his anti-militarist discourse, the idea that we don’t want more death; we want life.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The necropolitics that makes war a business, which was Uribe’s policy, has to end. I also welcome the fact that Petro did not wait to remove\u00a0<\/span>twenty-two generals<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of the Republic, twenty-two people probably implicated in human rights violations. The military forces need to be cleaned up. Petro has the intellectual capacity and knows enough about this country to make changes quickly, and I believe his hand will not tremble to make them. Besides, Petro will not only be an essential politician for Colombia, but for all of Latin America and even globally, because of everything he proposes regarding renewable energies and the priority of life over extractivism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But it is not only Petro. Francia M\u00e1rquez, our vice president, is a person of the same level. This black woman has been a miner, a domestic worker, who emerges from this country’s most radical social struggles, the Afro struggles, the struggles for water, for life. Marquez is also marking this historical moment. She becomes like a light that radiates from here to the world. I think the idea that we are living in a new era is wonderful because we are not going to put up with many things from the past. And part of what has changed is that we have weakened the hetero-patriarchal system from feminism and gender dissent. That Petro is president is a sign that this society is changing. In the end, the important thing is not who represents us in government but all of us living a series of transformations in our daily lives and ways of relating to each other.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila 50-50″ module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|false” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|5px|||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px|||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_main_element_last_edited=”on|desktop”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]\"\"[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=”Pie de foto” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#6e6e6e” text_font_size=”13px” text_letter_spacing=”0.16px” text_orientation=”right” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||10px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px|5px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”font-weight:400;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|||5px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]\"\"[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=”Pie de foto” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#6e6e6e” text_font_size=”13px” text_letter_spacing=”0.16px” text_orientation=”right” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”||10px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px|5px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”font-weight:400;” global_colors_info=”{}”]Salvi Dan\u00e9s: <\/span>Blackcelona<\/span><\/i>, The Portable Photo, Espadaysantacruz Studio, 2016 (ed: Salvi Dan\u00e9s y Gonzalo Golpe)<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/svg><\/a>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/svg><\/a>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/g>\n\t<\/svg><\/a>In\u00a0Colombianizaci\u00f3n,\u00a0Nadia Granados assaults the audiovisual imagination on which the identity of her country is built. In an acid critique that uses everything from Narco telenovelas to reggaeton, she combines video clips, installation, and performance to break into pieces the Colombia Brand, that decorative fiction that “tries to sell a country that does not exist.” By […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" module_class=\"vst-tm-entrevista\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" module_alignment=\"center\" min_height=\"100vh\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"100px|0px|100px|0px|true|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"70px||||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" 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global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6IkYgZCwgWSIsImN1c3RvbV9kYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6IiJ9fQ==@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\"#000000\" divider_weight=\"1.5px\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" min_height=\"2px\" height=\"2px\" max_height=\"2px\" custom_padding=\"15px||15px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Social\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][vist_social_buttons][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"T\u00edtulo\" module_class=\"vsp-titulo-top\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"default\" height=\"100%\" custom_padding_tablet=\"50px|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"23px\" text_line_height=\"28px\" custom_padding=\"50px||50px||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nEn Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/em>, Nadia Granados asalta el imaginario audiovisual sobre el que se construye la identidad de su pa\u00eds. En una cr\u00edtica \u00e1cida que usa desde narcotelenovelas hasta reggaeton, combina videoclip, instalaci\u00f3n y performance para romper en pedazos la Marca Colombia, esa ficci\u00f3n decorativa que \"trata de vender un pa\u00eds que no existe\".\n\nPor Alonso Almenara<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||50px||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nToda marca pa\u00eds es una suma de clich\u00e9s, y no hay mejor ejemplo de ello que Juan Valdez, la marca emblem\u00e1tica de caf\u00e9 colombiano. El personaje que la encarna fue creado en 1960 por la Federaci\u00f3n Nacional de Cafeteros y se transform\u00f3 en un hito en la historia de la publicidad: no import\u00f3 que lo interpretara un actor extranjero, el cubano-estadounidense Jos\u00e9 Duval. Como si fuera una producci\u00f3n <\/span>kitsch<\/i> de la edad dorada de Hollywood, el origen del <\/span>nation branding<\/i> colombiano viene amarrado a esta figura risible, por ex\u00f3tica: un campesino bigotudo y sonriente, de gen\u00e9ricos rasgos latinos, acompa\u00f1ado por su mula Conchita, con la cordillera andina de fondo. Medio siglo despu\u00e9s, el imaginario audiovisual del \u201cpa\u00eds cafetero\u201d dio un giro expectante con la campa\u00f1a <\/span>Colombia es pasi\u00f3n<\/i>, que inaugur\u00f3 en 2005 lo que hoy se conoce oficialmente como Marca Colombia. Mientras que la publicidad de Juan Valdez impulsaba un producto de exportaci\u00f3n, la campa\u00f1a lanzada por el gobierno de \u00c1lvaro Uribe acompa\u00f1\u00f3 el viraje neoliberal colombiano con una promoci\u00f3n agresiva del territorio nacional. El objetivo: atraer turistas y capitales extranjeros, y contrarrestar las radiaciones t\u00f3xicas del narcotr\u00e1fico y la violencia paramilitar sobre la reputaci\u00f3n del pa\u00eds.<\/span>\n\nNadia Granados ha construido su obra como una serie de intervenciones salvajes para dinamitar esa clase de propaganda. Asociada al personaje de \u201cLa Fulminante\u201d y reconocida como una figura clave del movimiento posporno latinoamericano, la <\/span>performer<\/span><\/i> bogotana ha interrogado las formas de violencia que encubre la narc\u00f3tica publicidad estatal, utilizando las herramientas que la cultura popular pone a su disposici\u00f3n: el imaginario del cabaret, el lenguaje de las telenovelas, el cine de serie B y la pornograf\u00eda. Sus primeras performances calaron hondo en la lucha por los derechos de las mujeres y de las disidencias sexuales en una sociedad fracturada por la violencia del conflicto armado. Pero su personaje no tuvo dificultades para cruzar fronteras: la sexualidad virulenta y el humor macabro de \u201cLa Fulminante\u201d la convirtieron en un fen\u00f3meno de Internet. <\/span>\n\nEn <\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i>, Granados vuelve al ruedo para ampliar el alcance de sus luchas. El pornoterrorismo y el <\/span>drag<\/span><\/i> siguen presentes, pero \u00e9sta vez son usados para operar una ambiciosa deconstrucci\u00f3n de la historia reciente de Colombia. La propuesta ganadora del XI Premio Luis Caballero, otorgado por la Alcald\u00eda de Bogot\u00e1, es esencialmente multiplataforma: es una <\/span>p\u00e1gina web<\/span><\/a>, una serie de performances callejeras y una exposici\u00f3n en la Galer\u00eda Santa Fe, que re\u00fane videoclips, ambientaciones y lo que la autora llama \u201ccabarets pol\u00edticos\u201d: una suerte de terapia de choque para salir del pl\u00e1cido sue\u00f1o de la Marca Colombia. <\/span>\n\nLo que nos es revelado al despertar, dice ella, es el lado B de la propaganda: el de la distop\u00eda neoliberal que, durante d\u00e9cadas, ha hecho de la muerte un negocio y del terror una forma de gobierno.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"\"][\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Pie de foto\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#6e6e6e\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_letter_spacing=\"0.16px\" text_orientation=\"right\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"||10px||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px|5px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:400;\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n Imagen: Nadia Granados\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nHablemos de la palabra \u201ccolombianizaci\u00f3n\u201d. \u00bfQu\u00e9 significa para ti?<\/b>\n\nYo no s\u00e9 de d\u00f3nde viene esta palabra, pero s\u00e9 que empez\u00f3 a usarse mucho a partir de los noventa, principalmente en torno a M\u00e9xico. Fue un t\u00e9rmino muy usado durante el gobierno de Felipe Calder\u00f3n, cuando estall\u00f3 una violencia expl\u00edcita y grotesca, y ciertas pr\u00e1cticas vinculadas al narcotr\u00e1fico colombiano, como el sicariato en moto, se exportaron o se volvieron trasnacionales. Claramente, la palabra se usa de manera despectiva para referirse al proceso por el cual un pa\u00eds se vuelve m\u00e1s violento, en un contexto marcado por el tr\u00e1fico ilegal de drogas y el surgimiento de mafias vinculadas a los gobiernos. <\/span>\n\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 fue lo que te interes\u00f3 de este concepto, y c\u00f3mo surgi\u00f3 la idea del proyecto?<\/b>\n\nLa reflexi\u00f3n sobre esa palabra fue uno de los detonantes de mi tesis de maestr\u00eda, que llam\u00e9 <\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n: exploraci\u00f3n audiovisual en torno a un fen\u00f3meno cultural tipo exportaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i><\/a>. Es un texto en el que combin\u00e9 varios intereses m\u00edos, y que fue la base para el proyecto que present\u00e9 al Premio Luis Caballero. Uno de esos intereses es lo que aqu\u00ed llamamos \u201ctipo exportaci\u00f3n\u201d: aquellos productos que Colombia exporta y que contribuyen a dar forma a la identidad del pa\u00eds.<\/span>\n\nOtro inter\u00e9s ten\u00eda que ver con las narcotelenovelas y la clase de discursos que estas producciones movilizaron en torno a lo narco. Me llamaba mucho la atenci\u00f3n c\u00f3mo las narcotelenovelas empezaron a posicionar y a validar figuras masculinas violentas como el patr\u00f3n, el sicario, el paramilitar, el empresario. Personajes poderosos que han hecho mucho da\u00f1o, pero de los que los colombianos sentimos una suerte de orgullo nacional. Y me interes\u00f3 combinar esas ideas con una exploraci\u00f3n de la <\/span>Marca Colombia<\/span><\/a>, que es una campa\u00f1a de propaganda que, en mi opini\u00f3n, trata de vender un pa\u00eds que no existe. O un pa\u00eds reducido a elementos decorativos, como las flores, las esmeraldas, la alegr\u00eda, las mujeres bonitas... como si Colombia fuera un para\u00edso listo para llenarse de turistas y de inversionistas extranjeros. <\/span>\n\nUno de los problemas que encuentro ah\u00ed es que esa imagen fue montada gracias a un proceso previo de \u201cpacificaci\u00f3n\u201d que dio como resultado transformaciones profundas en los territorios. Muchas personas fueron desplazadas de las zonas rurales del pa\u00eds para que todo quedara listo para ser vendido. <\/span>\n\n \n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" admin_label=\"Fila quote\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-quote\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n\u201cUno de mis intereses era mostrar que la idea de una 'colombianizaci\u00f3n' falsea el problema de la violencia en este pa\u00eds, porque lo reduce todo a un asunto de drogas il\u00edcitas. As\u00ed se terminan ocultando cr\u00edmenes muy graves, como las desapariciones forzadas, el terrorismo de Estado. Es como si lo narco sirviera para tapar todo lo dem\u00e1s\u201d.<\/b>\n\n<\/b>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|5px|||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|0px|||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|desktop\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|||5px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"14983\"][\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Pie de foto\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#6e6e6e\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_letter_spacing=\"0.16px\" text_orientation=\"right\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"||10px||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px|5px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:400;\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nFoto: M\u00f3nica Torregrosa - Archivo Galer\u00eda Santa Fe - IDARTES<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nEst\u00e1s denunciando, de alg\u00fan modo, el viraje neoliberal del pa\u00eds a inicios de los noventa, y sus secuelas.<\/b>\n\nMi proyecto se interroga sobre c\u00f3mo es que este pa\u00eds se \u201ccolombianiz\u00f3\u201d: no fue un proceso accidental, sino que fue un proyecto planificado por administraciones de derecha, y que ha generado dificultades muy grandes en t\u00e9rminos de derechos humanos, de desigualdad y de violencia. Siempre he pensado que la violencia en este pa\u00eds no surge de la nada, sino que es el resultado de m\u00faltiples violencias no resueltas. Estamos en un momento en el que es importante se\u00f1alarlas y se\u00f1alar a los responsables. Y creo que somos muchos los que nos encontramos en este proceso de denunciar, de levantar la voz, de faltarle respeto, tambi\u00e9n, a esta gente.<\/span>\n\n \u00bfQu\u00e9 papel juega el narcotr\u00e1fico en el discurso oficial sobre Colombia?<\/b>\n\nUno de mis intereses era mostrar que la idea de una \u201ccolombianizaci\u00f3n\u201d falsea el problema de la violencia en este pa\u00eds, porque lo reduce todo a un asunto de drogas il\u00edcitas. As\u00ed se terminan ocultando cr\u00edmenes muy graves, como las desapariciones forzadas, el terrorismo de Estado. Es como si lo narco sirviera para tapar todo lo dem\u00e1s. Incluso hoy, es tab\u00fa decir: \u201cen Colombia hubo un genocidio\u201d. Muchos de nosotros hemos hablado reiteradas veces de los <\/span>6.402 \u201cfalsos positivos\u201d<\/span><\/a> que asesin\u00f3 el gobierno de Uribe, pero creemos que esa es s\u00f3lo una peque\u00f1a fracci\u00f3n de las matanzas orquestadas por las fuerzas militares del gobierno. <\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"14967\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Pie de foto\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#6e6e6e\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_letter_spacing=\"0.16px\" text_orientation=\"right\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"||10px||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px|5px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:400;\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"14960\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Pie de foto\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#6e6e6e\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_letter_spacing=\"0.16px\" text_orientation=\"right\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"||10px||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px|5px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:400;\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nFotos: M\u00f3nica Torregrosa - Archivo Galer\u00eda Santa Fe - IDARTES<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nYo soy de Per\u00fa, un pa\u00eds donde el <\/b>branding<\/i><\/b> pr\u00e1cticamente ha sido naturalizado, y donde la marca pa\u00eds juega un papel central en la producci\u00f3n de discursos sobre la identidad nacional. \u00bfQu\u00e9 sucede cuando la publicidad se convierte en un discurso de Estado? \u00bfExiste alg\u00fan riesgo para la democracia?<\/b>\n\nEl origen de la Marca Colombia est\u00e1 vinculado a las campa\u00f1as publicitarias de Juan Valdez, el caf\u00e9 colombiano tipo exportaci\u00f3n. Esa fue la primera imagen, la que qued\u00f3 grabada en el imaginario de los consumidores a nivel global. Desde entonces, la propaganda se ha ido intensificando, hasta alcanzar un punto culminante a inicios de este siglo, con la llegada de Uribe al poder. <\/span>\n\nDe hecho, esa fue la coyuntura que me motiv\u00f3 a empezar a producir un arte con intenciones contrapropagand\u00edsticas, o a entender, si se quiere, el arte como una herramienta de comunicaci\u00f3n alternativa. Durante esos a\u00f1os, la figura de Uribe estuvo inmersa en propaganda. Parec\u00eda un actor: se vest\u00eda con ruanas y se presentaba como un hombre cercano al pueblo, un tipo cat\u00f3lico, heterosexual, tradicional. Fue una cosa espantosa, porque al mismo tiempo se empezaban a conocer indicios de que Uribe estuvo <\/span>vinculado al c\u00e1rtel de Medell\u00edn<\/span><\/a> cuando era director de la Aeron\u00e1utica Civil. Y no solo eso, sino que con esa imagen se trataba de tapar todo el terror que gener\u00f3 su administraci\u00f3n. Hubo persecuciones, ejecuciones extrajudiciales, criminalizaci\u00f3n de la protesta, paramilitarismo... Esa es una parte de la historia de Colombia que ha sido manipulada. No es por gusto que las narcotelenovelas empiezan a transmitirse en el momento en que Uribe inicia la desmovilizaci\u00f3n paramilitar. Esos programas ten\u00edan un rasgo en com\u00fan: presentaban al paramilitar como un h\u00e9roe. <\/span>\n\nEl gobierno de Uribe lanz\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n la campa\u00f1a <\/b>Colombia es pasi\u00f3n<\/i><\/b>, una frase que has incorporado en tu canci\u00f3n \u201cBrandaland\u201d. <\/b>\n\nColombianizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i> incluye cuatro videoclips realizados por Ra\u00fal Vidales. La m\u00fasica fue producida por Bclip, un productor de reggaeton y de m\u00fasica urbana que me ayud\u00f3 mucho a condensar los textos de mi tesis para transformarlos en canciones. \u201cBrandaland\u201d es un <\/span>dembow<\/span><\/i>, una m\u00fasica s\u00faper r\u00e1pida y chillona. Lo que nos interes\u00f3 fue usar ritmos que se asocian mucho a este pa\u00eds y que gustan mucho, pero para hablar de otras cosas. El reggaet\u00f3n era importante, adem\u00e1s, porque es un g\u00e9nero muy vinculado a la est\u00e9tica narco, esa est\u00e9tica mafiosa que pone en escena a g\u00e1ngsters despilfarrando dinero que no se sabe de d\u00f3nde viene. La letra utiliza esl\u00f3ganes de campa\u00f1as publicitarias, como la frase \u201csonrisas tipo exportaci\u00f3n\u201d, que viene de una campa\u00f1a que dice, literalmente, \u201caqu\u00ed sonre\u00edmos como si la alegr\u00eda se pudiera exportar\u201d. Esa frase es una mierda, pero es representativa de este tipo de propaganda. Es como si sonre\u00edr fuera nuestro deber. <\/span>\n\n<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Video-vimeo 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\"][et_pb_video src=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/669193057\" module_class=\"vst-video-vimeo\" _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px|auto|2px|auto|false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n Hablemos de las figuras masculinas que parodias en tu trabajo. <\/b>\n\nUna de las canciones de <\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i> se llama \u201cCapitalismo gore\u201d, que es tambi\u00e9n el t\u00edtulo de <\/span>un libro<\/span><\/a> de la autora trans feminista mexicana Sayak Valencia. Ese libro ha sido una gran influencia para m\u00ed. Me interesa, sobre todo, la relaci\u00f3n que establece Valencia entre los tr\u00e1ficos ilegales, las transacciones alrededor de la muerte, y la manera en que los hombres construyen su identidad. Ella explora c\u00f3mo una cierta idea de la masculinidad se fortalece con la participaci\u00f3n de los hombres en ej\u00e9rcitos, sea cual sea el bando. Matar se convierte en un trabajo que te permite ingresar al mundo capitalista. Es matar para volverte un hombre y, al mismo tiempo, un consumidor. <\/span>\n\nEntre los personajes que escog\u00ed para caricaturizar o exagerar esa masculinidad violenta est\u00e1 <\/span>Broly Banderas<\/span><\/a>, el sicario m\u00e1s famoso de las redes sociales. Us\u00e9 un discurso suyo, que manipul\u00e9 y tergivers\u00e9. Es un discurso muy c\u00ednico sobre por qu\u00e9 matar por dinero, que para m\u00ed es una de las preguntas importantes de este proyecto. Estamos en un pa\u00eds lleno de v\u00edctimas de gentuza como \u00e9sa, asesinos a sueldo, imb\u00e9ciles que toman un arma porque les pagan un dinero y pueden ir y meterte un tiro en la frente. A m\u00ed eso me da mucha rabia, y parte de mi trabajo tiene que ver con explorar las razones por las que existen estas personas. Hay todo un sistema aspiracional vinculado a ese hombrecito.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Video-vimeo 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\"][et_pb_video src=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/672865138\" module_class=\"vst-video-vimeo\" _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" admin_label=\"Fila quote\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-quote\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\n<\/b>\n\n\u201cMe di a conocer con \u2018La Fulminante\u2019, una suerte de <\/span>drag queen<\/i> <\/span>que ironiza sobre la construcci\u00f3n de una feminidad exagerada, muy expl\u00edcita, muy sexual. En <\/span>Colombianizaci\u00f3n<\/i> <\/span>quise hacer lo contrario. Encarno personajes masculinos a partir de los relatos de violencia que han marcado la historia reciente de Colombia\u201d.<\/b>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nLo que nos lleva a tu uso del <\/b>drag king<\/i><\/b>, o la pr\u00e1ctica de personificar a trav\u00e9s de la vestimenta y el maquillaje estereotipos de g\u00e9nero masculinos. <\/b>\n\nLa verdad es que yo llevo muchos a\u00f1os practicando el <\/span>drag<\/span><\/i>. Me gusta masculinizarme, va con mi personalidad. De hecho, es algo \u00fatil: al pasar como chico, puedo ir tranquila por la calle sin que nadie me joda. En realidad, el <\/span>drag<\/span><\/i> es una parte importante de mi pr\u00e1ctica art\u00edstica desde el inicio. En 2010 m<\/span>e di a conocer con \u2018La Fulminante\u2019, una suerte de drag queen que ironiza sobre la construcci\u00f3n de una feminidad exagerada, muy expl\u00edcita, muy sexual. En Colombianizaci\u00f3n quise hacer lo contrario. Encarno personajes masculinos a partir de los relatos de violencia que han marcado la historia reciente de Colombia. El drag king<\/span><\/i> fue la herramienta que us\u00e9 para apropiarme de esos discursos y convertirlos en un acto esc\u00e9nico. <\/span>\n\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las \u201cviolencias confusas\u201d de las que hablas en el texto curatorial de la muestra?<\/b>\n\nHablo de violencias confusas porque no tenemos claro de d\u00f3nde vienen. Para m\u00ed, la muerte de mi hermano a manos de las FARC, en 2001, fue el resultado de una violencia confusa. No se sabe qui\u00e9nes, exactamente, son los responsables, ni por qu\u00e9 lo hicieron. Una masacre como la de <\/span>El Salado<\/span><\/a>, por ejemplo, \u00bfqui\u00e9n la orden\u00f3? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? Mataron a cien personas en tres d\u00edas. Se sabe que estuvo ah\u00ed el ej\u00e9rcito, pero sigue siendo confuso, sobre todo porque no hay responsables y nadie paga. A las v\u00edctimas simplemente se las lleva de un lugar a otro. Eso es confundir, \u00bfno? Hay gente que lleva cuarenta a\u00f1os buscando a sus muertos. Hay ni\u00f1os que crecieron sin padres, en la mitad de la nada, y no se sabe por qu\u00e9. Por eso es tan importante la verdad. Que la verdad no solamente se sepa, sino que se reconozca p\u00fablicamente y se acuse y se castigue a los responsables. Eso es algo que en Colombia a\u00fan no ha sucedido. <\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Video-vimeo 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\"][et_pb_video src=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/674128136\" module_class=\"vst-video-vimeo\" _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"694.1px\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nLa Comisi\u00f3n de la Verdad y la Justicia Especial para la Paz, \u00bfno han aportado, justamente, m\u00e1s claridad y menos confusi\u00f3n? Por otro lado, tomando en cuenta que has ganado un premio oficial de la Alcald\u00eda de Bogot\u00e1 con un trabajo que denuncia a personajes poderosos de la pol\u00edtica colombiana, \u00bfno reconoces ah\u00ed una forma de progreso?<\/b>\n\nSobre el premio, creo que tuve suerte. La Alcald\u00eda de Bogot\u00e1 es una instituci\u00f3n con cierta autonom\u00eda y los miembros del jurado son escogidos por concurso y tienen total independencia. Esta vez ten\u00edan simpat\u00edas de izquierda. Si hubieran sido de derecha, yo jam\u00e1s hubiera ganado. Pero, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de eso, es cierto que el proceso de verdad ha cambiado algunas cosas. Y no solo el proceso. Estamos llegando a un punto en el que la verdad ya no est\u00e1 en manos del Estado o de los grandes medios de comunicaci\u00f3n. Cuando  empec\u00e9 a hacer radio, a inicios de los 2000, la situaci\u00f3n era bien distinta. No hab\u00eda tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes e Internet apenas empezaba a masificarse. Una de las cosas que nos impulsaba era, precisamente, luchar contra el monopolio de la informaci\u00f3n, divulgando otros pensares sobre la historia de este pa\u00eds. Han pasado casi 20 a\u00f1os y ahora hay un mont\u00f3n de peque\u00f1os medios de comunicaci\u00f3n independientes que tienen gran acogida. Incluso un youtuber que critica al gobierno desde su celular puede tener un mill\u00f3n de seguidores. Las versiones oficiales se han debilitado y los grandes medios est\u00e1n desacreditados. No hay que olvidar que el feminismo tambi\u00e9n ha jugado un papel importante, as\u00ed como muchas preguntas nuevas que ha tra\u00eddo este siglo en torno a la participaci\u00f3n de otras voces y otras maneras de pensar en la discusi\u00f3n p\u00fablica. Ya no puedes ser un hombre blanco poniendo tus patas sobre todos los dem\u00e1s, ya eso se acab\u00f3. Ya no se aceptan las violaciones. Ya no se acepta el terror como m\u00e9todo para hacerse respetar.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|5px|||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|0px|||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|desktop\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Pie de foto\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"#6e6e6e\" text_font_size=\"13px\" text_letter_spacing=\"0.16px\" text_orientation=\"right\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"||10px||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px|5px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"font-weight:400;\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|||5px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\n\nCuando preparabas esta muestra, no pod\u00edas saber que Petro iba a terminar siendo elegido presidente de Colombia. Dado que tu trabajo denuncia discursos y pr\u00e1cticas de gobiernos de derecha, alguna expectativa debes tener con un hombre de izquierda en el poder. <\/b>\n\nPues yo me confieso: soy admiradora de Petro desde hace m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os. De joven me abri\u00f3 mucho la mente escucharlo hablar. Me fascinaba su elocuencia, su conocimiento profundo de este pa\u00eds y la manera en que confront\u00f3 durante muchos a\u00f1os el sistema paramilitar, el genocidio, el problema de las tierras y los desplazados. Ve\u00eda en la televisi\u00f3n los debates del Congreso solo para escucharlo hablar sobre la verdad hist\u00f3rica. Pero no tengo que decir que soy petrista para que se lea o se adivine, \u00bfno? Ahora, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pienso de lo que est\u00e1 haciendo en el poder? Celebro su discurso antimilitarista, la idea de que no queremos m\u00e1s muerte, sino que queremos vida. <\/span>\n\nLa necropol\u00edtica que hace de la guerra un negocio, y que fue la pol\u00edtica Uribe, tiene que acabar. Celebro tambi\u00e9n que Petro no haya esperado para <\/span>descabezar a veintid\u00f3s generales<\/span><\/a> de la Rep\u00fablica, veintid\u00f3s personas probablemente implicadas en violaciones de derechos humanos. Las fuerzas militares necesitan un saneamiento. Creo entonces que Petro tiene la capacidad intelectual y conoce lo suficiente de este pa\u00eds como para hacer cambios muy r\u00e1pido, y creo que no le va a temblar la mano para hacerlos. Adem\u00e1s, me parece que Petro no solo va a ser un pol\u00edtico importante para Colombia, sino para toda Latinoam\u00e9rica e incluso a nivel mundial, por todo lo que est\u00e1 planteando en cuanto a energ\u00edas renovables y a la prioridad de la vida sobre el extractivismo. <\/span>\n\nPero no es s\u00f3lo Petro. Lo acompa\u00f1a Francia M\u00e1rquez, una persona del mismo nivel, una mujer negra que ha sido minera, empleada dom\u00e9stica, que surge de las luchas sociales m\u00e1s radicales de este pa\u00eds, las luchas afro, las luchas por el agua, por la vida. M\u00e1rquez tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 marcando este momento hist\u00f3rico, se vuelve como una luz que irradia desde ac\u00e1 hacia el mundo. A m\u00ed me parece s\u00faper bonita la idea de que estamos viviendo una \u00e9poca nueva, porque muchas cosas del pasado sencillamente ya no las vamos a aguantar m\u00e1s. Y una parte de lo que ha cambiado es que hemos debilitado el sistema heteropatriarcal desde el feminismo y las disidencias de g\u00e9nero. Que Petro sea presidente es un signo de que esta sociedad est\u00e1 cambiando. Al final, lo importante no es tanto qui\u00e9nes nos representan en el gobierno, sino todos nosotres aqu\u00ed abajo viviendo una serie de transformaciones en nuestra vida cotidiana y nuestras formas de relacionarnos.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[3,272,281,279,285,278],"tags":[12,500,431,593,59],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMachos, Violence, and Propaganda: How to Dynamite the Image of a Narco-Country - Vist Projects<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Machos, Violence, and Propaganda: How to Dynamite the Image of a Narco-Country - Vist Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vist Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-17T21:11:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mvallejoq\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"[vist_img_post_intro]\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mvallejoq\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"41 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/machos-violence-and-propaganda-how-to-dynamite-the-image-of-a-narco-country\/\",\"name\":\"Machos, Violence, and Propaganda: How to Dynamite the Image of a Narco-Country - 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