{"id":2759,"date":"2023-08-08T14:55:42","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T19:55:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/?p=2759"},"modified":"2023-08-08T14:55:42","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T19:55:42","slug":"popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting\/","title":{"rendered":"“Popular photography is on its way to becoming something different: something between photography and painting.”"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Lev Manovich is considered a world authority in the digital humanities field and new media aesthetics. In this conversation with VIST, the Russian academic and artist maps the evolution of his ideas since the publication of the classic volume “<\/span>The Language of New Media<\/span><\/em>” in 2001. He also discusses his experience as a visual creator using artificial intelligence tools and outlines a fascinating panorama of the future of photography.<\/span><\/p>\n

By Alonso Almenara<\/span><\/p>\n

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Two women from different generations pose one behind the other, the elder hiding behind the younger. The black-and-white and sepia-toned image, ‘<\/span>Pseudomnesia: The Electrician<\/span><\/a>,’ went viral in April of this year. The reason: its creator, Berlin-based artist Boris Eldagsen, won the prestigious Sony World Photography Awards in the Creativity category with it, a prize he later rejected after admitting that his work was a provocation created with the help of an algorithm. The experiment tested what many photography professionals have suspected for years: very soon, thanks to programs like Midhourney or Dall-e, it will be impossible to determine if a photo has human authorship or has been entirely created using a camera. The apocalyptic tone of the comments generated by this news is, in fact, reminiscent of the controversy that has gripped the American film industry. Recall that Fran Drescher, the spokeswoman for the Hollywood Actors’ Guild, described artificial intelligence as an “<\/span>existential threat<\/span><\/a>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Lev Manovich, however, sees things differently. For the most cited author in academic fields such as digital culture, digital art, and cultural analytics, according to\u00a0<\/span>Google Scholar<\/span><\/a>, those technologies represent the exact opposite: a kind of personal liberation. In his words, these tools have allowed him to “travel back to 1989,” the year of the Berlin Wall’s fall, when Manovich abandoned his artistic career to dedicate himself to academic research on a new phenomenon: digital culture.<\/span><\/p>\n

Born in Moscow in 1960, Manovich witnessed the final period of the Soviet regime, an experience that would shape his understanding of the development of cyberspace in the 1990s. Distancing himself from the rampant optimism that characterized the discourse of Silicon Valley’s tech gurus, the Russian author even described the early days of the internet as “a communal apartment from the Stalinist era, where there’s no privacy, everyone spies on everyone else, and there’s always a line for common areas like the bathroom or the kitchen.” But this critical approach was complemented by detailed descriptions of the functioning of the prevailing technologies. For example, Manovich was the first author to formally identify and analyze a series of crucial tools or processes (which he called “operations”) in all kinds of commercial software, from word processors to video editing programs. These include conventions like copy and paste, search, delete, transform, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

The impact was enormous: Manovich’s first book, “The Language of New Media” (MIT Press, 2001), was translated into thirteen languages. “Having grown up in Russia, completed his higher education in the United States, and lived and worked here since then, he sees the world through the eyes of what he calls a post-communist subject,” writes American artist Mark Tribe in the introduction. “But it could be equally accurate to say that he also wears the glasses of the new world.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Since then, Manovich has continued to delve into the study of contemporary digital culture. In addition to publishing numerous books and articles, he is a professor of computer science at the City University of New York’s Graduate Center and a visiting professor at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. His most recent book, “<\/span>Cultural Analytics<\/span><\/em>” (MIT Press, 2020), results from his leadership at the Cultural Analytics Lab, the first initiative for computational analysis of massive collections of images and videos.<\/span><\/p>\n

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“In 2003, digital arts exploded,” he recalls. “Tools became more accessible, computers became faster, and the number of digital artists grew exponentially. So, I asked myself: how can I keep up with all these people?” The concept of cultural analytics, outlined by Manovich in 2005, was related to the idea of “creating software that could connect to the internet, track the content of millions of websites from designers, artists, filmmakers, advertisers, museums, newspapers, art centers, and then analyze it in real-time. Then I imagined a massive data visualization screen where this information could be tracked. It was a sort of dashboard for global culture.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Manovich was convinced that it was the best idea he had ever had, which was somewhat confirmed in 2006 with the launch of Google Trends: one of the early steps towards what we now know as Big Data analysis. “I was seeing the future,” he comments. But he also acknowledges that his idea was slightly different: he was interested in analyzing text and images to gain a more detailed view of global culture. In 2007, luck was on his side: a university decided to fund his<\/span>\u00a0laboratory<\/span><\/a>. Among the projects he developed in this environment is analyzing a\u00a0<\/span>million pages of manga books<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or the evolution of\u00a0<\/span>Time magazine<\/span><\/a>\u00a0cover designs between 1923 and 2009.<\/span><\/p>\n

Today, Manovich finds himself at a critical point in his career: he considers that the research he has been conducting so far, focused on understanding the place that new media occupy within the history of visual culture, has become “virtually impossible.” While the thematic content of images continues to generate interest, he argues that the formal analysis of visual culture has entered a decline. That has motivated the author to change course: or rather, to return to the path of graphic creation, thanks to the possibilities offered by the technologies whose development he has been obsessively mapping for the past thirty years.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Let’s talk about why, at 63, you decided to resume your career as a visual artist.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

During the pandemic, I was searching and struggling in Korea with my wife. And then, one day, travel became possible again. So, in the summer of 2022, we went to Berlin, and there we found a wonderful store that sold things like notebooks, cardboard, and pencil boxes. So, I thought: maybe I can draw. I bought a notebook and a pencil. What not many people know is that my original background was in art. I studied art from the age of 12. I had a classical education and made thousands of paintings, drawings. Then I went to the Film School at New York University and worked in the computer animation industry for six years. Until I did my Ph.D. at 28, I had mainly been an artist.<\/span><\/p>\n

But my last drawing dated back to 1989. When I started drawing again in 2002, I felt so happy, so liberated. I realized that I had dedicated 35 years to research. According to\u00a0<\/span>Google Scholar<\/span><\/a>, I am the most cited person in five fields. And if you ask ChatGPT who the most critical scholar in Digital Culture, Digital Art, and New Media is, I always come out on top. So, I told myself: Lev, you’ve done this part. You don’t need to write more books. You can write if you want, but there are other options.<\/span><\/p>\n

You say that drawing made you feel liberated. But you not only draw currently but also produce images with Midjourney. Does this combination of creative activities expand your intellectual exploration of new media and digital culture?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Art is a relatively new activity because I stopped practicing it for 30 years. And it’s also exciting because when I was 28, I felt at a crossroads: one path was to dedicate myself professionally to art, and the other was to become an academic researcher. I ultimately chose the latter. Now I have the incredible opportunity to come back and explore a different path.<\/span><\/p>\n

But, of course, that doesn’t mean I’ve forgotten how to write or think. In the past year, I’ve been posting many of my images on social media, and often, alongside the photos, I post short texts with my real-time reflections on AI as an artistic medium. In fact, with Emanuele Arielli, a colleague, we are writing a book about art made with AI [Artificial Aesthetics: A Critical Guide to AI, Media, and Design], and we are publishing the chapters\u00a0<\/span>online<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

So, in reality, I’m not writing less than before, but I have this other activity. For me, creating images is much easier than editing articles or writing books, and it’s very pleasurable. It’s also a different way of reflecting on the world. There are more possibilities because you can address emotions, psychology, subjectivity, and humor, whereas academic writing is more limited.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular 10-90″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”width:10%!important;” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_css_main_element=”width:90%!important;” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Fila quote” module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|false” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-quote” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

“Let’s say you have ten ideas for a painting, but you have limited time and can only explore one idea. Now, with Midjourney, you can explore ten ideas in a single day. Sometimes you find the right prompt<\/em> and generate 400 images in one night. It’s like having a thousand assistants who know everything about the history of culture. The challenge is that if you let them do whatever they want, they start creating clich\u00e9d, cheesy art. The struggle is to make these tools do something subtle and unique.”<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

What features of Midjourney or other AI applications are you interested in exploring in your visual work?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I’ve witnessed the emergence of various digital technologies in my life, and each time I felt like a whole new world was opening up, I wanted to explore it. In 1982 I saw the first computer-generated animation and said, “Someday, these computer-generated 3D images will be as popular as photography.” And I was right. Then, of course, the World Wide Web came in 1993. And in 2005, something that later became known as Big Data emerged. Then came the iPhone.<\/span><\/p>\n

Like many people, I was amazed when I first saw Midjourney precisely a year ago. The results weren’t as good as now, but they were already impressive. It’s an incredible tool for an artist because it might take you days to create a complex drawing or painting. Let’s say you have ten ideas but limited time, so you can only explore one idea. But now, you can explore ten ideas in a single day. Sometimes, you might find the right prompt and generate 400 images in a single night. So, it’s like having a thousand assistants who know everything about the history of culture.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the problem is that these assistants are a bit stubborn. They’re young and don’t have very good taste. If you let them do whatever they want, they immediately start creating art that’s clich\u00e9d, stereotypical, cheesy, and so on. So, the main struggle for me is making these tools do something subtle, nuanced, and unique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Why do these technologies default to generating stereotypical or common results?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Machine learning is based on a particular understanding of information. You feed the machine with billions of images and descriptions, and it extracts common composition patterns, shading, and more. But if something happens very rarely, it won’t capture it. That means when you create images, they can look beautiful, but you always feel that you’ve seen them somewhere else. That is a big dilemma for me: on the one hand, I can realize thousands of ideas in a week, and the images are beautiful, but then I look at them and notice these subtle but very disturbing generic elements.<\/span><\/p>\n

So, I’m finding ways to fight against that. I’m using mid-journey now because I write a prompt and include images as inputs. The AI can get confused if you use completely different images\u2014for example, one of my drawings, an 18th-century engraving, and an abstract painting. And when it’s confused, it produces strange results. On the other hand, by providing specific examples, you can guide Midjourney toward something more specific. Sometimes I don’t even write a prompt; I just give it some images. And then, the AI acts as a kind of remix machine.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, I’m creating drawings, going back and forth. It’s difficult because drawing takes much more time, so I must force myself to do it. But I believe doing both things simultaneously helps me better understand how these tools work and what this medium does. It also helps me better understand what makes drawing or painting unique or the creativity of humans. So, I’m making art, but I’m also conducting experiments to understand and write about it.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila 50-50″ module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|true” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|true” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|true” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]\"\"[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”0px|auto|2px|auto|false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Recently, you posted a\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>text<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0on Facebook stating that “discussions about aesthetics have become nearly impossible in the United States.” Why is that?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The truth is that it was a somewhat exaggerated post to draw attention to this issue. Of course, other people have written about it. In the mid-1970s, I surveyed university professors in the United States, asking them: are they on the right, left, or far gone? Around 35% of professors at that time said they were leftists or far-left. In 2005, it was 85%. And today, maybe it’s 100%. This doesn’t happen with scientists. Scientists are, in a way, like society in general. Fifty percent said they were center-right, and fifty percent center-left. The left completely dominates the Humanities and Social Sciences.<\/span><\/p>\n

And that’s the issue. Of course, thinking about the effects of colonialism is very important, as is thinking about the environment or racism. But the question is: how can you create art that addresses these topics and is also good? That’s not so easy. If you look at the 20th century, there are many examples of famous artists who dealt with social or ideological themes and created perfect art. Picasso’s Guernica is a great example. But the piece itself is only part of the story. People say that the German Expressionists made art about the horror of war. Still, the form, expression, and ability to communicate through colors, shapes, and composition were as important as the theme.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila 50-50″ module_class=”vst-cnt-img-x2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_margin=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding=”0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|25px||25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|20px||20px|false|false” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|5px|||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px|||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” custom_css_main_element_last_edited=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|||5px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_code admin_label=”Imagen Esp” module_class=”vst-cnt-img” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]\"\"[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”Fila-regular” _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(0,0,0,0)” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false” border_radii=”off||||” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.15″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text module_class=”vst-p” _builder_version=”4.15.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”50px||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Has it always been this way?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Western European art dealt with ideological themes or certain ideals, such as Christianity. In the 15th century, artists didn’t create abstract paintings; by depicting sins from the Bible, they contributed to educating people or conveying a moral message. However, they made paintings, not text, offering something unique. Today, you can see these paintings and sculptures, and even if you don’t care or know anything about the subject, you can simply enjoy them as art.<\/span><\/p>\n

The problem with the contemporary shift towards social or political art, which intensified about five or six years ago, isn’t that it’s inherently wrong: I don’t see much art addressing these topics and being excellent. The last time I participated as a panelist in an art biennial conversation in Korea, I saw around eight award-winning works; maybe only one had some artistic value. The rest were very unprofessional, and, if you compare these works to the level of students in the best art schools today, these people wouldn’t be accepted. Many of these works are simply illustrations or confirmations of specific texts written by curators about migrants, colonialism, and this. They don’t add anything to our knowledge about the topics.<\/span><\/p>\n

It’s also about what’s happening with the left. And when I say the left, I return to Marx, thinking that life must be seen as a struggle. Life isn’t about love, salvation, or building something together: life is a class struggle. Now this message has shifted a bit. It’s about men oppressing women, Europeans oppressing people in the colonies, or humans oppressing nature. Viewing everything as a struggle is an interesting perspective, but it’s a limited one: it’s all you’ll see. There’s nothing more beyond that.<\/span><\/p>\n

And the other problem with this left tradition is that it’s a highly ideologized system where you have to believe in our idea. And if you don’t believe in our concept, you’re an enemy. In 1917, three days after the Revolution, Lenin closed all newspapers except his own. He wasn’t interested in dialogue. He just wanted to suppress. I don’t quite know why it works this way, but today, when I go to biennials or when I see very academic conference programs, I feel the same kind of intolerance. Very often, when I’ve given lectures in the United States, people would say, “Lev, you’re a formalist!” “What do you mean?” I’d ask. “Well, you’re interested in images, not just written content.” And, of course, I’m interested. Art has existed for 200,000 years, from cave paintings: before language, before ideology, because things like decoration and beauty are essential to human existence. Not everything can be reduced to ideology.<\/span><\/p>\n

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“To be successful, contemporary art needs to open itself to broader themes and be freer to experiment. In the 20th century, artists weren’t afraid to insult people. The artist was someone who mocked society. The artist is afraid to offend because we take school-age children to museums. So, art has become very obedient, safe, and as a result, boring.”<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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What’s the alternative to this highly ideologized discourse? In fact, what’s the alternative to contemporary art?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Until the 19th century, artists were craftsmen. They were ordered to paint this or that but still created incredible art. The idea of creativity or expressing individuality didn’t exist; it was an invention of the Romantic period. And then we have modern art, from Impressionism to the 1970s, where people explored all kinds of things.<\/span><\/p>\n

But much of this art is about abstraction, deconstruction, etc. It’s no longer about the human face or human emotions. So, what happened to traditional art? Mass media picked up the themes it addressed. So today, true art, in a conventional sense, isn’t in museums. Museums have something else. True art is Netflix, incredible Korean dramas, movies, popular novels, and songs. Mass culture addresses themes that contemporary art has abandoned, like revenge, love, and jealousy: it basically shows human life as it is but in an artistic way.<\/span><\/p>\n

When you go to a museum, what you see is something else. It’s like “Art 2”. But in reality, it has no connection with traditional art, which is fine. Still, of course, it’s limiting because it means that people from Hollywood or Netflix are the only people dealing with representing contemporary life or emotions. At the same time, artists have abandoned their traditional roles. So, for me, the most exciting art today isn’t art but things like food design, experimental restaurants, or architecture \u2013 in other words, what used to be called applied art.<\/span><\/p>\n

To be successful, contemporary art must open itself to a broader range of topics and be more free to experiment. In the 20th century, artists weren’t afraid to insult people. The artist was someone who mocked society. The artist is afraid to offend because we take school-age children to museums. So, art has become very obedient, safe, and as a result, boring.<\/span><\/p>\n

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I’m interested in hearing your opinion on photography. What reflections on this discipline have you developed after working with tools of cultural analytics or with AI?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The photographic image is the most popular type of image nowadays. In the sciences, people use 3D images, X-rays, and telescopes, but what most people want to see are human beings, right? So we use Instagram. But let’s note that photography isn’t a medium or a collection of media. The only thing that all forms of photography seem to share is that there’s a lens producing a perspective image, but even this isn’t universal. In the 1920s, artists like Man Ray began making photographs without a camera, placing objects directly on photographic paper’s surface and exposing them to light.<\/span><\/p>\n

This kind of experimentation also happened in cinema. But if you look at a drawing or a painting, they haven’t really changed in 500 years. Now, the variety of photographic processes available was somewhat overshadowed by the invention in 1887 of a Kodak camera for mass use with the slogan: “You press the button, we do the rest.” Essentially, it’s a simplification of the experience. I bought my first digital camera in 2000, 23 years ago: the device comes with a digital sensor, but everything else remains the same: you have a lens, exposure, and the controls are the same. So, the language continues from traditional photography.<\/span><\/p>\n

But then computational photography appears: various algorithms process the image captured by a phone or a camera. For instance, if you take a photo with a Google Pixel phone today, the captured image goes through 33 different algorithms. Certain phones don’t just capture one image. They’re continuously recording and capturing images before and after you press the button. This way, you can combine the best parts of different images. In other words, photography nowadays is entirely computational and algorithmic. Nowadays, only professional photographers using expensive cameras and adjusting everything manually are doing “normal” photography. Everyone else is doing computational photography.<\/span><\/p>\n

And now, we have a new stage, which is AI photography. Meaning a new form of photography without a lens. AI can simulate the appearance of the three-dimensional world quite well. But, of course, it tends to be stereotypical, as I mentioned. However, it can simulate photographic artifacts: you can get images that look like they were taken in the 1960s, in black and white, with a particular type of grain, etc. What’s interesting to me is how these new possibilities of AI will be incorporated into the photography done by billions of people.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, today, you take a photo, and then you can use Midjourney to add or change something. You can say: here I want a lake. It’s just a matter of time until the software on your phone can do the same. It will be exciting to see that. But we should also be prepared to see a flood of trivial images. I’m scared to imagine it already because when you take a photograph of reality, it’s something more unique. Not everything you see is perfect; clouds aren’t perfect. Whereas AI only makes perfect skies.<\/span><\/p>\n

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That being said, do you consider that we are on the brink of a revolution in popular photography?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Popular photography is on its way to becoming something different: something between photography and painting. That isn’t entirely new, as in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was common for people to paint on photographs: that was a way to retouch or colorize these images. AI has made the idea of photography as a documentary medium even less relevant. But this isn’t new either because when Photoshop appeared 30 years ago, it already offered the possibility to make photography something akin to painting. But now, of course, you can do it much faster.<\/span><\/p>\n

The last thing I want to emphasize is that photographers nowadays are often asked to make videos, given the popularity of YouTube or Instagram reels. However, as popular as videos are, they are not replacing still images firstly because it takes more time to watch a video. Secondly, if you want to communicate a message and make an impression, the still image remains the best choice because you can control everything. So, I believe we will continue to live in this era of photography. AI or a camera could make it; it doesn’t matter. Photographic images \u2014 realistic and detailed images in perspective \u2014 will continue to reign for decades.<\/span><\/p>\n

And then, what will happen in 2050? It’s a fascinating question. I don’t know. Perhaps we will have portraits containing all your data: everyone you’ve met, ideas, and DNA. Something like data representations. We’ll have to see.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/svg><\/a>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<\/svg><\/a>\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/g>\n\t<\/svg><\/a>Lev Manovich is considered a world authority in the digital humanities field and new media aesthetics. In this conversation with VIST, the Russian academic and artist maps the evolution of his ideas since the publication of the classic volume “The Language of New Media” in 2001. He also discusses his experience as a visual creator […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" module_class=\"vst-tm-entrevista\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" module_alignment=\"center\" min_height=\"100vh\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"100px|0px|100px|0px|true|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"70px||||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-intro\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" 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_module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6IkYgZCwgWSIsImN1c3RvbV9kYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6IiJ9fQ==@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\"#000000\" divider_weight=\"1.5px\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"100%\" min_height=\"2px\" height=\"2px\" max_height=\"2px\" custom_padding=\"15px||15px||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Social\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][vist_social_buttons][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"T\u00edtulo\" module_class=\"vsp-titulo-top\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" _module_preset=\"default\" height=\"100%\" custom_padding_tablet=\"50px|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.15.1\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"23px\" text_line_height=\"28px\" custom_padding=\"50px||50px||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nLev Manovich es considerado una autoridad mundial en el campo de las humanidades digitales y la est\u00e9tica de los nuevos medios. En esta conversaci\u00f3n con VIST, el acad\u00e9mico y artista ruso mapea la evoluci\u00f3n de sus ideas desde la publicaci\u00f3n, en 2001, del cl\u00e1sico volumen <\/span>El lenguaje de los nuevos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i>. Tambi\u00e9n comenta su experiencia como creador visual usando herramientas de inteligencia artificial, y esboza un fascinante panorama sobre el futuro de la fotograf\u00eda. <\/span>\n\nPor Alonso Almenara<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||50px||false|false\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nDos mujeres de dos generaciones distintas posan una detr\u00e1s de la otra, la mayor escondi\u00e9ndose tras la m\u00e1s joven. La imagen en blanco y negro y tono sepia, titulada '<\/span>Pseudomnesia: The Electrician<\/span><\/a>', dio la vuelta al mundo en abril de este a\u00f1o. La raz\u00f3n: su creador, el artista berlin\u00e9s Boris Eldagsen, consigui\u00f3 adjudicarse con ella el prestigioso galard\u00f3n de los Sony World Photography Awards en la categor\u00eda de Creatividad; un premio que luego rechaz\u00f3, tras reconocer que su obra era una provocaci\u00f3n creada con ayuda de un algoritmo. El experimento probaba lo que muchos profesionales de la fotograf\u00eda vienen sospechando desde hace a\u00f1os: que muy pronto, gracias a programas como Midhourney o Dall-e, ser\u00e1 imposible determinar si una foto tiene autor\u00eda humana, o si ha sido hecha del todo con una c\u00e1mara. El tono apocal\u00edptico de los comentarios que suscit\u00f3 esta noticia es, de hecho, cercano al de la pol\u00e9mica que ha paralizado a la industria cinematogr\u00e1fica estadounidense en estos d\u00edas. Recordemos que Fran Drescher, la portavoz del gremio de actores de Hollywood, ha descrito a la inteligencia artificial como \"<\/span>una amenaza existencial<\/span><\/a>\". <\/span>\n\nLev Manovich, sin embargo, ve las cosas de otro modo. Para el autor m\u00e1s citado de campos acad\u00e9micos como la cultura digital, el arte digital y la anal\u00edtica cultural <\/span>seg\u00fan Google Scholar<\/span><\/a>, aquellas tecnolog\u00edas representan exactamente lo contrario: una suerte de liberaci\u00f3n personal. Estas herramientas le han permitido, en sus palabras, \u201cviajar de regreso a 1989\u201d, el a\u00f1o de la ca\u00edda del Muro de Berl\u00edn, cuando Manovich decidi\u00f3 abandonar su carrera art\u00edstica para dedicarse a la investigaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica en torno a un fen\u00f3meno nuevo: la cultura digital. <\/span>\n\nNacido en Mosc\u00fa en 1960, Manovich presenci\u00f3 el periodo final del r\u00e9gimen sovi\u00e9tico, una experiencia que marcar\u00eda su forma de entender el desarrollo del ciberespacio en los a\u00f1os noventa. Distanci\u00e1ndose del clima de optimismo desaforado que caracterizaba el discurso de los gur\u00faes tecnol\u00f3gicos de Silicon Valley, el autor ruso lleg\u00f3 a describir los d\u00edas tempranos de Internet como \u201cun piso comunitario de la era estalinista, donde no hay privacidad, todo el mundo esp\u00eda a todo el mundo, y siempre hay cola para ir a las zonas comunes como el ba\u00f1o o la cocina\u201d. Pero esta aproximaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica estuvo complementada por detalladas descripciones del funcionamiento de las tecnolog\u00edas en boga. Manovich fue, por ejemplo, el primer autor en identificar y analizar formalmente una serie de herramientas o procesos clave (que llam\u00f3 \"operaciones\") presentes en todo tipo de software comercial, desde procesadores de texto hasta programas de edici\u00f3n de v\u00eddeo: estos incluyen convenciones como copiar y pegar, buscar, eliminar, transformar, etc.<\/span>\n\nEl impacto fue enorme: el primer libro de Manovich, <\/span>The Language of New Media<\/span><\/i> (MIT Press, 2001) \u2014editado en espa\u00f1ol como <\/span>El lenguaje de los nuevos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n: la imagen en la era digital<\/span><\/i>\u2014 fue traducido a trece idiomas. \u201cHabiendo crecido en Rusia, completado su educaci\u00f3n superior en Estados Unidos y vivido y trabajado aqu\u00ed desde entonces, \u00e9l ve el mundo a trav\u00e9s de los ojos de lo que \u00e9l llama un <\/span>sujeto postcomunista<\/span><\/i>\u201d, escribe el artista estadounidense Mark Tribe escribe en la introducci\u00f3n. \u201cPero se podr\u00eda decir con igual precisi\u00f3n que tambi\u00e9n lleva puestas unas gafas del nuevo mundo\u201d. <\/span>\n\nDesde entonces, Manovich no ha dejado de profundizar en el estudio de la cultura digital contempor\u00e1nea. Adem\u00e1s de publicar numerosos libros y art\u00edculos, es profesor de inform\u00e1tica en la escuela de posgrado de la City University of New York y profesor visitante en la European Graduate School en Saas-Fee, Suiza. Su libro m\u00e1s reciente, <\/span>Cultural Analytics<\/span><\/i> (MIT Press, 2020), es resultado de su experiencia a la cabeza del Cultural Analytics Lab [laboratorio de anal\u00edtica cultural], la primera iniciativa de an\u00e1lisis computacional de colecciones masivas de im\u00e1genes y video.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Img full\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x1\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20290\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n\u201cEn 2003, las artes digitales explotaron\u201d, recuerda. \u201cLas herramientas se volvieron m\u00e1s accesibles, las computadoras m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidas y el n\u00famero de artistas digitales creci\u00f3 exponencialmente. Entonces me pregunt\u00e9: \u00bfc\u00f3mo puedo seguir a todas estas personas?\u201d El concepto de anal\u00edtica cultural, esbozado por Manovich en 2005, ten\u00eda que ver con la idea de \u201ccrear un software que pudiera conectarse a Internet, rastrear el contenido de millones de sitios web de dise\u00f1adores, artistas, cineastas, publicistas, museos, peri\u00f3dicos, centros de arte, y luego analizarlo en tiempo real. Luego imagin\u00e9 una especie de pantalla de visualizaci\u00f3n de datos enorme donde se pudiera seguir esta informaci\u00f3n. Era una suerte de panel de control para la cultura global\u201d.<\/span>\n\nManovich estaba convencido de que era la mejor idea que hab\u00eda tenido en su vida: lo que, en cierto modo, fue confirmado en 2006 con el lanzamiento de Google Trends: uno de los primeros pasos hacia lo que hoy conocemos como el an\u00e1lisis de Big Data. \u201cDe hecho, yo estaba viendo el futuro\u201d, comenta. Pero tambi\u00e9n reconoce que su idea era un poco diferente: no solo le interesaba analizar texto, sino tambi\u00e9n im\u00e1genes para obtener una vista m\u00e1s detallada de la cultura global. En 2007 tuvo suerte: una universidad decidi\u00f3 financiar su <\/span>laboratorio<\/span><\/a>. Entre los proyectos que desarroll\u00f3 en este entorno se encuentra, por ejemplo, el an\u00e1lisis de <\/span>un mill\u00f3n de p\u00e1ginas de libros de manga<\/span><\/a>, o el de la evoluci\u00f3n del dise\u00f1o de las <\/span>portadas de la revista Time<\/span><\/a> entre 1923 y 2009. <\/span>\n\nHoy, Manovich se encuentra en un punto cr\u00edtico de su carrera: considera que el tipo de investigaciones que ha venido desarrollando hasta ahora, enfocadas en entender el lugar que ocupan los nuevos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n dentro de la historia de la cultura visual, se ha vuelto \u201cpr\u00e1cticamente imposible\u201d. Si bien el <\/span>contenido tem\u00e1tico<\/span><\/i> de las im\u00e1genes no ha dejado de generar inter\u00e9s, el <\/span>an\u00e1lisis formal <\/span><\/i>de la cultura visual, sostiene, ha entrado en decadencia. Ello ha motivado al autor a cambiar de camino: o mejor dicho, a retomar la v\u00eda de la creaci\u00f3n visual, gracias a las posibilidades que ofrecen las tecnolog\u00edas cuyo desarrollo viene mapeando obsesivamente desde hace treinta a\u00f1os.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|5px|||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|0px|||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20248\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|||5px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|5px|||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|0px|||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|||5px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20261\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nHablemos de las razones por las que, a tus 63 a\u00f1os, decidiste retomar tu carrera de artista visual.<\/b>\n\nDurante la pandemia estuve en Corea con mi esposa, buscando, luchando. Y luego, un d\u00eda, volvi\u00f3 a ser posible viajar. As\u00ed que en el verano de 2022 fuimos a Berl\u00edn y all\u00e1 nos encontramos con una tienda muy hermosa que vend\u00eda cosas como cuadernos, cartulinas, cajitas para poner l\u00e1pices. Entonces pens\u00e9: tal vez puedo dibujar. Compr\u00e9 un cuaderno y un l\u00e1piz. Lo que no mucha gente sabe es que originalmente mi formaci\u00f3n era en arte. Estudi\u00e9 arte desde los 12 a\u00f1os. Tuve una educaci\u00f3n cl\u00e1sica, hice miles de pinturas, dibujos. Luego fui a la Escuela de Cine de la Universidad de Nueva York y trabaj\u00e9 en la industria de animaci\u00f3n por computadora durante seis a\u00f1os. Hasta que hice mi doctorado, a los 28 a\u00f1os, hab\u00eda sido principalmente un artista.<\/span>\n\nPero mi \u00faltimo dibujo databa de 1989. Cuando volv\u00ed a dibujar en 2002 me sent\u00ed tan feliz, tan liberado. Me di cuenta de que hab\u00eda dedicado 35 a\u00f1os a la investigaci\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan <\/span>Google Scholar<\/span><\/a>, soy la persona m\u00e1s citada en cinco campos distintos. Y si le preguntas a ChatGPT qui\u00e9n es el acad\u00e9mico m\u00e1s importante en los campos de Cultura Digital, Arte Digital y Nuevos Medios, siempre salgo en primer lugar. As\u00ed que me dije: Lev, ya hiciste esta parte. No necesitas escribir m\u00e1s libros. Puedes escribir si quieres, pero no es la \u00fanica opci\u00f3n.<\/span>\n\nDices que dibujar te hizo sentir liberado. Pero no solo dibujas actualmente, sino que tambi\u00e9n produces im\u00e1genes con Midjourney. \u00bfConsideras que esta combinaci\u00f3n de actividades creativas ampl\u00eda tu b\u00fasqueda intelectual en torno a los nuevos medios y la cultura digital?<\/b>\n\nEl arte es una actividad relativamente nueva para m\u00ed porque dej\u00e9 de practicarla durante 30 a\u00f1os. Y tambi\u00e9n es emocionante porque, cuando ten\u00eda 28, sent\u00eda que estaba frente a una encrucijada: un camino era dedicarme profesionalmente al arte, y el otro era convertirme en investigador acad\u00e9mico. Finalmente eleg\u00ed el segundo. Ahora tengo la incre\u00edble oportunidad de volver y explorar el otro camino.<\/span>\n\nPero, por supuesto, eso no significa que haya olvidado c\u00f3mo escribir o c\u00f3mo pensar. En el \u00faltimo a\u00f1o he estado publicando en redes sociales muchas de mis im\u00e1genes y, a menudo, junto con las im\u00e1genes, publico textos cortos con mis reflexiones en tiempo real sobre la IA como medio art\u00edstico. De hecho, con Emanuele Arielli, un colega, estamos escribiendo un libro sobre el arte hecho con IA [<\/span>Artificial Aesthetics: A Critical Guide to AI, Media and Design<\/span><\/i>] y estamos publicando los cap\u00edtulos <\/span>en l\u00ednea<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>\n\nAs\u00ed que en realidad no estoy escribiendo menos que antes, pero tengo esta otra actividad. Lo cierto es que para m\u00ed, hacer im\u00e1genes es mucho m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil que editar art\u00edculos o escribir libros, y es muy placentero. Tambi\u00e9n es una forma diferente de reflexionar sobre el mundo. Hay m\u00e1s posibilidades porque se pueden abordar cosas como las emociones, la psicolog\u00eda, la subjetividad, el humor, mientras que la escritura acad\u00e9mica es m\u00e1s limitada. <\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" admin_label=\"Fila quote\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-quote\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n<\/b>\n\n\u201cDigamos que tienes diez ideas para una pintura, pero tienes tiempo limitado y solo puedes explorar una idea. Ahora, con Midjourney, puedes explorar diez ideas en un solo d\u00eda. A veces encuentras el <\/b>prompt<\/i><\/b> correcto y generas 400 im\u00e1genes en una noche. Es como tener mil asistentes que conocen todo sobre la historia de la cultura. El problema es que si les permites hacer lo que quieren, comienzan a crear arte clich\u00e9, cursi. La lucha es c\u00f3mo hacer que estas herramientas hagan algo sutil y \u00fanico.\u201d<\/b>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 caracter\u00edsticas de Midjourney u otras aplicaciones de IA te interesa explorar en tu trabajo visual? <\/b>\n\nEn mi vida he presenciado la aparici\u00f3n de diversas tecnolog\u00edas digitales, y cada vez sent\u00ed que se abr\u00eda un mundo completamente nuevo y que quer\u00eda explorarlo. En 1982 vi la primera animaci\u00f3n por computadora y dije: alg\u00fan d\u00eda estas im\u00e1genes 3D generadas por computadora ser\u00e1n tan populares como la fotograf\u00eda. Y ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n. Luego, por supuesto, lleg\u00f3 la World Wide Web en 1993. Y en 2005 apareci\u00f3 algo que m\u00e1s tarde ser\u00eda conocido como Big Data. Despu\u00e9s vino el iPhone. <\/span>\n\nComo muchas personas, cuando vi por primera vez Midjourney, hace exactamente un a\u00f1o, me qued\u00e9 asombrado. Los resultados no eran tan buenos como ahora, pero ya era impresionante. Lo cierto es que para un artista es una herramienta incre\u00edble, porque normalmente te puede llevar d\u00edas hacer un dibujo o una pintura compleja. Digamos que tienes diez ideas, pero tienes tiempo limitado, as\u00ed que solo puedes explorar una idea. Pero ahora puedes explorar diez ideas en un solo d\u00eda. A veces ocurre que encuentras el <\/span>prompt<\/span><\/i> correcto y generas 400 im\u00e1genes en una sola noche. As\u00ed que es como tener mil asistentes que conocen todo sobre la historia de la cultura.<\/span>\n\nPero el problema es que estos asistentes son un poco tercos. Son j\u00f3venes y no tienen muy buen gusto. Si les permites hacer lo que quieren, inmediatamente comienzan a crear arte que es clich\u00e9, estereotipado, cursi, y as\u00ed sucesivamente. As\u00ed que para m\u00ed, la principal lucha es c\u00f3mo hacer que estas herramientas hagan algo sutil, matizado y \u00fanico.<\/span>\n\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 hace que estas tecnolog\u00edas generen, por defecto, resultados estereotipados o comunes? <\/b>\n\nEl aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico se basa en una cierta compresi\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n. Alimentas a la m\u00e1quina con miles de millones de im\u00e1genes y descripciones, y extrae patrones comunes de composici\u00f3n, sombreado y dem\u00e1s. Pero si algo ocurre muy raramente, no lo captar\u00e1. Eso significa que cuando haces im\u00e1genes, pueden verse hermosas, pero siempre tendr\u00e1s la sensaci\u00f3n de haberlas visto en otro lugar antes. Este es para m\u00ed un gran dilema: por un lado, puedo realizar miles de ideas en una semana, y las im\u00e1genes son hermosas; pero luego las miro y noto estos elementos gen\u00e9ricos sutiles, pero para m\u00ed muy perturbadores.<\/span>\n\nAs\u00ed que estoy encontrando formas de luchar contra eso. El modo en que estoy usando Midjourney ahora es que escribo un <\/span>prompt<\/span><\/i>, pero tambi\u00e9n incluyo im\u00e1genes como entradas. Si uno usa im\u00e1genes completamente diferentes \u2014por ejemplo, un dibujo m\u00edo, un grabado del siglo XVIII y una pintura abstracta\u2014, la IA puede confundirse. Y cuando se confunde, arroja resultados extra\u00f1os. Por otro lado, al proporcionarle ejemplos particulares, puedes guiar a Midjourney hacia algo m\u00e1s espec\u00edfico. A veces ni siquiera escribo un <\/span>prompt<\/span><\/i>, solo le doy algunas im\u00e1genes. Y entonces la IA act\u00faa como una especie de m\u00e1quina de remezclas.<\/span>\n\nAl mismo tiempo, estoy haciendo dibujos, yendo y viniendo. No es f\u00e1cil porque el dibujo lleva mucho m\u00e1s tiempo, as\u00ed que tengo que obligarme a hacerlo. Pero creo que hacer ambas cosas al mismo tiempo me ayuda a comprender mejor c\u00f3mo funcionan estas herramientas y qu\u00e9 hace este medio. Tambi\u00e9n me ayuda a entender mejor qu\u00e9 es lo que hace \u00fanico al dibujo o la pintura, o en la creatividad de los seres humanos. As\u00ed que estoy haciendo arte, pero tambi\u00e9n estoy haciendo experimentos para poder entenderlo y escribir al respecto.<\/span>\n\n<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|true\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20251\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px|auto|2px|auto|false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nHace poco  publicaste en Facebook un <\/b>texto<\/b><\/a> en el que afirmas que \"las discusiones sobre est\u00e9tica se han vuelto casi imposibles en Estados Unidos\". \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/b>\n\nLa verdad es que fue una publicaci\u00f3n un poco exagerada para llamar la atenci\u00f3n sobre este tema. Por supuesto, otras personas han escrito al respecto. Lo que yo te puedo decir es que, a mediados de los a\u00f1os 70, hice en Estados Unidos una encuesta a profesores universitarios en la que les pregunt\u00e9: \u00bfson de derecha, de izquierda, de extrema izquierda? En ese momento, alrededor del 35% de los profesores dijeron que eran izquierdistas o de extrema izquierda. En 2005, era el 85%. Y hoy tal vez sea el 100%. Esto no sucede con los cient\u00edficos. Los cient\u00edficos son, de alguna manera, como la sociedad en general. El 50% dijo ser de centro-derecha y el 50% de centro-izquierda. Las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales, est\u00e1n completamente dominadas por la izquierda.<\/span>\n\nY ah\u00ed est\u00e1 la cuesti\u00f3n. Por supuesto, pensar en los efectos del colonialismo es muy importante, al igual que pensar en el medio ambiente o en el racismo. Pero la pregunta es: \u00bfc\u00f3mo se puede hacer arte que aborde estos temas y que sea tambi\u00e9n buen arte? Eso no es tan f\u00e1cil. Si miras el siglo XX, hay en efecto muchos ejemplos de artistas famosos que trataron temas sociales o ideol\u00f3gicos y tambi\u00e9n crearon arte muy bueno. El Guernica de Picasso es un gran ejemplo. Pero el tema en s\u00ed mismo es solo una parte de la historia. La gente dice que los expresionistas alemanes hac\u00edan arte sobre el horror de la guerra, pero la forma, la expresi\u00f3n, la habilidad de comunicar a trav\u00e9s de colores, formas, composici\u00f3n, eran tan importantes como el tema.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila 50-50\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|10px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|5px|||false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|0px|||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|10px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|||5px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20230\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n\u00bfNo ha sido siempre as\u00ed?<\/b>\n\nEn realidad, gran parte del arte de Europa occidental trata de temas ideol\u00f3gicos o de ciertos ideales, como el cristianismo. En el siglo XV, los artistas no hac\u00eda pinturas abstractas; al pintar representaciones de los pecados de la Biblia, contribu\u00edan a educar a la gente o transmit\u00edan un mensaje moral. Pero hac\u00edan pinturas, no texto, y la pintura te ofrece algo \u00fanico. Hoy puedes ver estas pinturas y esculturas, e incluso si no te importa o no sabes nada sobre el tema, puedes simplemente disfrutarlas como arte.<\/span>\n\nEl problema del giro contempor\u00e1neo hacia un arte social o pol\u00edtico, que se intensific\u00f3 hace unos cinco o seis a\u00f1os, no es que sea malo en s\u00ed mismo: es que no veo mucho arte que aborde estos temas y que tambi\u00e9n sea excelente. La \u00faltima vez que particip\u00e9 como panelista en una mesa de conversaci\u00f3n de una bienal de arte en Corea, vi alrededor de ocho trabajos premiados y quiz\u00e1s solo uno ten\u00eda, en mi opini\u00f3n, alg\u00fan valor art\u00edstico. El resto era muy poco profesional y, de hecho, si comparas esas obras con el nivel de los estudiantes en las mejores escuelas de arte hoy en d\u00eda, estas personas no ser\u00edan aceptadas. Muchos de estos trabajos son simplemente ilustraciones o confirmaciones de textos espec\u00edficos escritos por curadores sobre migrantes, sobre colonialismo, sobre esto, sobre aquello. En realidad, no a\u00f1aden nada a nuestro conocimiento sobre los temas.<\/span>\n\nY tambi\u00e9n se trata de lo que est\u00e1 sucediendo con la izquierda. Y cuando digo la izquierda, me remonto a Marx, a esta idea de que hay que ver la vida como una lucha. La vida no es sobre el amor, la salvaci\u00f3n o construir algo juntos: la vida es una lucha de clases. Ahora este mensaje ha variado un poco, es sobre los hombres oprimiendo a las mujeres, o los europeos oprimiendo a las personas en las colonias, o los seres humanos oprimiendo a la naturaleza. Ver todo como una lucha es una visi\u00f3n interesante, pero es una visi\u00f3n limitada: es todo lo que vas a ver, fuera de eso no hay m\u00e1s.<\/span>\n\nY el otro problema con esta tradici\u00f3n de izquierda es que es un sistema muy ideologizado en el que tienes que creer en nuestra idea. Y si no crees en nuestra idea, eres un enemigo. En 1917, tres d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de la Revoluci\u00f3n, Lenin cerr\u00f3 todos los peri\u00f3dicos excepto el suyo. No le interesaba el di\u00e1logo. Solo quer\u00eda suprimir. No s\u00e9 muy bien por qu\u00e9 funciona as\u00ed, pero hoy, cuando voy a bienales o cuando veo programas de conferencias muy acad\u00e9micas, siento la misma clase de intolerancia. En mi caso, muy a menudo, cuando he dado conferencias en Estados Unidos, la gente me dec\u00eda: \"\u00a1Lev, eres formalista!\". \"\u00bfQu\u00e9 quieres decir?\", preguntaba. \"Bueno, te interesan las im\u00e1genes, no solo el contenido escrito\". Y claro que me interesan. El arte ha existido durante 200.000 a\u00f1os, desde las pinturas rupestres: exist\u00eda antes del lenguaje, antes de la ideolog\u00eda, y esto es as\u00ed porque cosas como la decoraci\u00f3n y la belleza son esenciales para la existencia humana. No todo se puede reducir a la ideolog\u00eda.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" admin_label=\"Fila quote\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img-x2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|25px||25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"|20px||20px|false|false\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-quote\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n\u201cPara tener \u00e9xito, el arte contempor\u00e1neo debe abrirse a un conjunto m\u00e1s amplio de temas y ser m\u00e1s libre para experimentar. En el siglo XX, los artistas no ten\u00edan miedo de insultar a la gente. De hecho, el artista era alguien que se burlaba de la sociedad. Ahora el artista tiene miedo de ofender porque llevamos a ni\u00f1os en edad escolar a los museos. As\u00ed que el arte se ha vuelto muy obediente, seguro y, como resultado, aburrido.\u201d<\/b>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\n\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la alternativa a este discurso altamente ideologizado? De hecho, \u00bfcu\u00e1l es la alternativa al arte contempor\u00e1neo? <\/b>\n\nHasta el siglo XIX, los artistas en realidad eran artesanos. Les ordenaban pintar esto o aquello, pero a\u00fan as\u00ed lograban crear arte incre\u00edble. La idea de la creatividad o de la expresi\u00f3n de la individualidad no exist\u00eda, es una invenci\u00f3n del periodo rom\u00e1ntico. Y luego tenemos el arte moderno, desde el impresionismo hasta tal vez la d\u00e9cada de 1970, donde la gente explor\u00f3 todo tipo de cosas.<\/span>\n\nPero gran parte de este arte es sobre abstracci\u00f3n, o sobre deconstrucci\u00f3n, y as\u00ed sucesivamente. Ya no se trata del rostro humano o de las emociones humanas. Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 le sucedi\u00f3 al arte tradicional? Los temas que trataba fueron recogidos por los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n masiva. As\u00ed que hoy el verdadero arte en un sentido tradicional no est\u00e1 en el museo. En el museo hay otra cosa. El verdadero arte es Netflix, los incre\u00edbles dramas coreanos, las pel\u00edculas, las novelas populares, las canciones. La llamada cultura de masas aborda temas que el arte contempor\u00e1neo ha abandonado, como la venganza, el amor, los celos: b\u00e1sicamente muestra la vida humana tal como es, pero de una manera art\u00edstica.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nCuando vas al museo, lo que ves es otra cosa. Es como el \"arte 2\". Pero en realidad no tiene conexi\u00f3n con el arte tradicional, lo cual est\u00e1 bien, pero por supuesto, es limitante porque significa que las \u00fanicas personas que se ocupan de la representaci\u00f3n de la vida contempor\u00e1nea o de las emociones son personas de Hollywood o de Netflix, mientras que los artistas han abandonado su rol tradicional. Entonces, para m\u00ed, el arte m\u00e1s interesante hoy no es arte, sino cosas como el dise\u00f1o de alimentos, los restaurantes experimentales o la arquitectura: es decir, lo que antes se llamaba arte aplicado.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nPara tener \u00e9xito, el arte contempor\u00e1neo debe abrirse a un conjunto m\u00e1s amplio de temas y ser m\u00e1s libre para experimentar. En el siglo XX, los artistas no ten\u00edan miedo de insultar a la gente. De hecho, el artista era alguien que se burlaba de la sociedad. Ahora el artista tiene miedo de ofender porque llevamos a ni\u00f1os en edad escolar a los museos. As\u00ed que el arte se ha vuelto muy obediente, seguro y, como resultado, aburrido.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20240\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nMe interesa conocer tu opini\u00f3n sobre la fotograf\u00eda. \u00bfQu\u00e9 reflexiones sobre esta disciplina has desarrollado luego de trabajar con herramientas de anal\u00edtica cultural, o con IA?<\/b>\n\nLa imagen fotogr\u00e1fica es el tipo de imagen m\u00e1s popular hoy en d\u00eda. En las ciencias, la gente usa im\u00e1genes 3D, rayos X, telescopios, pero lo que la mayor\u00eda de personas quiere ver son seres humanos, \u00bfverdad? As\u00ed que usamos Instagram. Pero notemos que la fotograf\u00eda no es un medio; tampoco una colecci\u00f3n de medios. Lo \u00fanico que parecen compartir todas las formas de fotograf\u00eda es que hay una lente que produce una imagen en perspectiva, pero incluso esto no es universal. En los a\u00f1os 20, artistas como Man Ray comenzaron a hacer fotograf\u00edas sin c\u00e1mara, colocando objetos directamente sobre la superficie de un papel fotogr\u00e1fico y exponi\u00e9ndolo a la luz. <\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nEste tipo de experimentaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n ocurri\u00f3 en el cine. Pero si miras un dibujo o una pintura, realmente no han cambiado en 500 a\u00f1os. Ahora bien, la variedad de procesos fotogr\u00e1ficos disponibles se vio de alg\u00fan modo opacada por el invento, en 1887, de una c\u00e1mara Kodak para uso masivo con el lema: \"Presionas un bot\u00f3n, nosotros nos encargamos del resto\". B\u00e1sicamente, es una simplificaci\u00f3n de la experiencia. Yo compr\u00e9 mi primera c\u00e1mara digital en 2000, hace 23 a\u00f1os: el aparato viene con un sensor digital, pero todo lo dem\u00e1s sigue siendo lo mismo: tienes una lente, tienes exposici\u00f3n, los controles siguen siendo los mismos. De modo que el lenguaje contin\u00faa desde la fotograf\u00eda tradicional. <\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nPero luego aparece la fotograf\u00eda computacional: significa que la imagen, que es capturada por un tel\u00e9fono o una c\u00e1mara, es procesada por varios algoritmos. Si hoy, por ejemplo, tomas una foto con un tel\u00e9fono Pixel de Google, la imagen capturada pasa por 33 algoritmos diferentes. Ciertos tel\u00e9fonos no solo captan una imagen, sino que en realidad siguen grabando continuamente y captan im\u00e1genes antes y despu\u00e9s del momento en que presionas el bot\u00f3n. De esta manera, uno puede tomar las mejores partes de diferentes im\u00e1genes y combinarlas. Dicho de otro modo, la fotograf\u00eda hoy en d\u00eda es completamente computacional, algor\u00edtmica. Hoy en d\u00eda, solo los fot\u00f3grafos profesionales que usan c\u00e1maras caras y ajustan todo manualmente son los que hacen fotograf\u00eda \"normal\". Todos los dem\u00e1s est\u00e1n haciendo fotograf\u00eda computacional.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nY ahora tenemos una nueva etapa, que es la fotograf\u00eda de IA. Es decir, una nueva forma de fotograf\u00eda sin lente. La IA puede simular bastante bien la apariencia del mundo tridimensional. Pero, por supuesto, tiende a ser estereot\u00edpica, como te dije. No obstante, puede simular los artefactos de la fotograf\u00eda: puedes obtener im\u00e1genes que parecen tomadas en los a\u00f1os 60, en blanco y negro, con un tipo de grano particular, etc. Lo interesante, para m\u00ed, es c\u00f3mo estas nuevas posibilidades de IA se ir\u00e1n incorporando a la fotograf\u00eda que es realizada por miles de millones de personas.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nPor ejemplo, hoy tomas una foto y luego puedes usar Midjourney para agregar algo o cambiar algo. Puedes decir: aqu\u00ed quiero un lago. Solo es cuesti\u00f3n de tiempo para que un software en tu tel\u00e9fono pueda hacer lo mismo. Ser\u00e1 muy interesante ver eso. Pero debemos prepararnos para ver tambi\u00e9n un aluvi\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes triviales. Ya me da un poco miedo imaginarlo, porque cuando tomas una fotograf\u00eda de la realidad, es algo un poco m\u00e1s \u00fanico. No todo lo que se ve es perfecto, las nubes no son perfectas. Mientras la IA solo hace cielos perfectos.<\/span>\n

<\/h3>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular 10-90\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|0px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|25px|0px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|0px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:10%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" custom_css_main_element=\"width:90%!important;\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_css_main_element_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_css_main_element_tablet=\"width:100%!important;\" custom_css_main_element_phone=\"width:100%!important;\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Imagen Esp\" module_class=\"vst-cnt-img\" _builder_version=\"4.9.4\" _module_preset=\"default\"][imagen_nota id=\"20281\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,3_4\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" admin_label=\"Fila-regular\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"RGBA(0,0,0,0)\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1920px\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_margin_tablet=\"\" custom_margin_phone=\"\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"0px|50px|60px|50px|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|50px|60px|25px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|20px|60px|20px|false|false\" border_radii=\"off||||\" collapsed=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"\" custom_padding_phone=\"\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"3_4\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px|11.5vw|0px|10%|false|false\" custom_padding_tablet=\"|0px||0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" pac_dcm_carousel_specific_module_num=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"][et_pb_text module_class=\"vst-p\" _builder_version=\"4.15\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" theme_builder_area=\"post_content\"]\n\nDicho esto, \u00bfconsideras que estamos a puertas de una revoluci\u00f3n en la fotograf\u00eda popular? <\/b>\n\nLa fotograf\u00eda popular est\u00e1 en camino a convertirse en algo diferente: algo entre la fotograf\u00eda y la pintura. Esto no es completamente nuevo, ya que a fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX era com\u00fan que las personas pintaran sobre fotograf\u00edas: esa era la forma de retocar o de colorear estas im\u00e1genes. Alguien podr\u00e1 decir que la IA ha convertido la idea de la fotograf\u00eda como medio documental en algo a\u00fan menos relevante. Pero esto tampoco es nuevo, porque cuando Photoshop apareci\u00f3 hace 30 a\u00f1os, ya daba la posibilidad de hacer de la fotograf\u00eda algo similar a la pintura. Pero ahora, por supuesto, puedes hacerlo mucho m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido. <\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nLo \u00faltimo que quiero remarcar es que a los fot\u00f3grafos hoy en d\u00eda se les pide a menudo que hagan videos, dada la popularidad de YouTube o de los reels en Instagram. Sin embargo, por m\u00e1s populares que sean los videos, no est\u00e1n reemplazando a la imagen fija. En primer lugar, porque toma m\u00e1s tiempo ver un video. En segundo lugar, porque si quieres comunicar un mensaje, si quieres causar una impresi\u00f3n, la imagen fija sigue siendo la mejor opci\u00f3n porque puedes controlarlo todo. As\u00ed que creo que seguiremos viviendo en esta era de la fotograf\u00eda. Tal vez sea hecha por IA o por una c\u00e1mara, no importa. Las im\u00e1genes fotogr\u00e1ficas \u2014me refiero a im\u00e1genes realistas y detalladas en perspectiva\u2014 seguir\u00e1n reinando durante d\u00e9cadas. <\/span>\n

<\/h3>\nY luego, \u00bfqu\u00e9 pasar\u00e1 en 2050? Es una pregunta muy interesante. No lo s\u00e9. Quiz\u00e1s tendremos retratos que contengan todos tus datos: todas las personas que conociste, todas tus ideas, todo tu ADN. Algo como representaciones de datos. Tendremos que ver.<\/span>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[3,272,280,279,285,278],"tags":[12,610,674,506],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n"Popular photography is on its way to becoming something different: something between photography and painting." - Vist Projects<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""Popular photography is on its way to becoming something different: something between photography and painting." - Vist Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Vist Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-08T19:55:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mvallejoq\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"[vist_img_post_intro]\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mvallejoq\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"41 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vistprojects.com\/en\/popular-photography-is-on-its-way-to-becoming-something-different-something-between-photography-and-painting\/\",\"name\":\"\\\"Popular photography is on its way to becoming something different: something between photography and painting.\\\" - 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